Samizdat

= the underground, self-published, and clandestine reproduction of censored artistic, literary, and political works in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc (1950s-1980s), to bypass strict state censorship; often created using typewriters, carbon paper, or makeshift, amateurish methods to avoid state-controlled printing presses; included magnitizdat (music tape recordings) and cinematic samizdat (parallel cinema).