Minimalism

= a 1960s movement, primarily American, that stripped art down to fundamental, geometric forms to highlight purity, materiality, and space rather than representation or emotion. It focuses on "what you see is what you see," often using industrial materials like steel,, neon, or concrete to create simple, repetitive structures.

Key characteristics

• Simplicity and Reduction: Removal of non-essential elements, narratives, or personal expression, leaving only the essential, often geometric forms (e.g., cubes, grids).
• Industrial Materials: Use of materials like aluminum, steel, bricks, and fluorescent lights to emphasize the physical presence and "material honesty".
• Literalness: The artwork does not represent or symbolize anything outside itself; it exists as a direct, unadorned experience.
• Spatial Interaction: Artworks are designed to interact directly with the viewer and the surrounding space, often placed directly on the floor rather than on pedestals.
• Repetition: The use of identical or ordered, repetitive structure